Spine
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A retrospective study on 24 patients with acute central cervical cord injury caused by traumatic disc herniation. ⋯ Far more common than previously expected, acute disc herniation in cervical spine injury is the one of principal cause for central cord syndrome. Magnetic resonance imaging assessment and surgical intervention are required.
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An anatomic study of the cervical intervertebral foramina, nerve roots, and intradural rootlets performed using a surgical microscope. ⋯ This study demonstrated the anatomy of the nerve roots, rootlets, and intervertebral foramina, and may aid in understanding the pathology of cervical radiculopathy. The presence of intradural connections between dorsal nerve roots and the relation between the course of the nerve root and the intervertebral disc may explain the clinical variation of symptoms resulting from-nerve root compression in the cervical spine. To perform cervical foraminotomy for cervical radiculopathy, it is necessary to understand the detailed anatomy of the intervertebral foramina thoroughly.
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A study using a validated viscoelastic finite-element model of a L2-L3 motion segment to identify the load sharing among the passive elements at different loading rates. ⋯ Consideration of the time-dependent material properties of passive elements is essential to improving understanding of motion segment responses to dynamic loading conditions. Higher loading rate markedly reduces the safety margin of passive spinal elements. When the dynamic tolerance limits of tissues are available, the results provide bases for the guidelines of safe dynamic activities in clinics or industry.
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Bone mineral density variations throughout the sacrum were measured and correlated with sacral screw insertion torque. ⋯ This study quantified the volumetric bone mineral density variations within the S1 body and ala, and a significant linear correlation between the screw insertion torque and bone mineral density was found. Optimal sacral screw insertion pathways were also outlined based on bone mineral density values.
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An analysis of 44 cauda equina syndrome cases. ⋯ The data strongly support the management of cauda equina syndrome from lumbar disc herniation as a diagnostic and surgical emergency.