Spine
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A reliability study was conducted. ⋯ Disc degeneration can be graded reliably on routine T2-weighted magnetic resonance images using the grading system and algorithm presented in this investigation.
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A three-dimensional kinematic analysis of lumbar spinal movements with an ultrasonic measuring system was used to distinguish patients with chronic low back pain from those without such pain. ⋯ The phasic patterns and angular spinal displacements of patients with nonspecific low back pain were shown to be within normal limits. However, the patients demonstrated higher degrees of stride-to-stride variability, representing increased fluctuations in dynamic thoracic and pelvic oscillations. These findings, resulting in less than optimal gait patterns, must be considered in the rehabilitation of patients with chronic low back pain.
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Case Reports
Transoral resection and reconstruction for primary osteogenic sarcoma of the second cervical vertebra.
A case of primary osteogenic sarcoma at the second cervical vertebra is reported. ⋯ The axis is a very rare location for the occurrence of primary osteosarcoma. Osteosarcoma may histologically mimic chondroblastoma. The axis can be surgically exposed, resected, and instrumented transorally. The stabilization must be augmented by posterior occipitocervical fusion.