Spine
-
An anatomic study of the extraforaminal attachments of the lumbar spinal nerves was performed using human lumbar spinal columns. ⋯ Ligamentous connections exist between lumbar extraforaminal spinal nerves and nearby structures.
-
Mechanical testing of cadaveric motion segments. ⋯ IDET has a significant but inconsistent effect on compressive stresses within intervertebral discs. These results may partly explain the variable clinical success of IDET.
-
An anatomic and radiographic study of archeological skeletal remains from two genetically and geographically distinct groups with high occurrence rates of spondylolytic spondylolisthesis was done. Specimens were Aleut (27% known occurrence rate, n = 48) and Arikara Plains Indians (9% occurrence, n = 250+ of 1,062). ⋯ The STA in the normal population for each genetic group varies and relates significantly to the occurrence rate and is thus probably etiologic. STA is more highly associated with the occurrence of pars defect than is PI. Upper sacral deformities appear due to the growth plate response to the changed pressure gradients across the epiphyseal plate rather than interosseous remodeling of the ilium and acetabular area. Thus, changes in PI would be secondary.
-
Morphometric changes of the spinal cord and influence on spinal cord-evoked potentials and spinal cord blood flow and postoperative function of hind limbs were studied in various degrees of acute spinal column shortening in dogs. ⋯ Acute spinal column shortening can be characterized into 3 phases. Phase 1, safe range: occurred during shortening within one-third of the vertebral segment and is characterized by no deformity of the dural sac or the spinal cord. Phase 2, warning range: occurred during spinal shortening between one-third and two-thirds of the vertebral segment and is characterized by shrinking and buckling of the dural sac and no deformity of the spinal cord. Phase 3, dangerous range: occurred after shortening in excess of two-thirds of the vertebral segment and is characterized by spinal cord deformity and compression by the buckled dura. Spinal shortening within the safe range increases spinal cord blood flow.
-
Review Comparative Study
The updated cochrane review of bed rest for low back pain and sciatica.
A systematic review within the Cochrane Collaboration Back Review Group. ⋯ For people with acute low back pain, advice to rest in bed is less effective than advice to stay active. For patients with sciatica, there is little or no difference between advice to rest in bed and advice to stay active.