Spine
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Retrospective cohort study with prospective clinical follow-up. ⋯ In our series, the symptom duration before operation and the speed of onset do not affect the outcome more than 2 years after surgery. Based on the SF-36, ODI, and Low Back Outcome Scores, patients who have had CES do not return to a normal status.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Randomized clinical study to compare the accuracy of navigated and non-navigated thoracic pedicle screws in deformity correction surgeries.
Randomized clinical trial (level I evidence). ⋯ Iso-C navigation increases accuracy, and reduces surgical time and radiation in thoracic deformity correction surgeries.
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Systematic review of randomized controlled trials. ⋯ In the long-term, multidisciplinary back training has a positive effect on work participation in patients with nonspecific chronic low back pain.
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Immunohistochemical and behavioral study using rat models of lumbar disc herniation and cauda equina syndrome. ⋯ Our findings suggest that activated p38 may play an important role in the involvement of microglia in the pathophysiology of pain following lumbar disc herniation and mechanical hypoalgesia, and motor nerve dysfunction of cauda equina following SCS.