Spine
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Review
Complications of interlaminar cervical epidural steroid injections: a review of the literature.
A comprehensive literature review. ⋯ There are significant limitations in the available literature discussing the complications associated with ICESI, but they strongly suggest that ICESI is a relatively safe procedure. Numerous potential adverse reactions have been associated with ICESI, with the vast majority being minor and transient in nature. However, serious complications may also result and may be technique related. Injectionists should be aware of the clinical presentations, rates, potential consequences, and appropriate techniques to avoid these complications. More studies are needed with specific focus on cervical complication rates, standardization of injection techniques, and differentiation between complications and poor efficacy. In addition, the use of a prospective randomized blinded controlled design would be beneficial.
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Case report. ⋯ Hyperparathyroidism may cause tumoral calcinosis-like lesions in the spine. An early spinal decompression followed with parathyroidectomy leads to remission of symptoms.
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Comparative Study
Prevalence of lumbar facet arthrosis and its relationship to age, sex, and race: an anatomic study of cadaveric specimens.
An anatomic, epidemiologic study of facet arthrosis in cadaveric lumbar spines. ⋯ Facet arthrosis is a universal finding in the human lumbar spine. Evidence of arthrosis begins early, with more than one half of adults younger than 30 years demonstrating arthritic changes in the facets. The most common arthritic level appears to be L4-L5. Men have a higher prevalence and degree of facet arthrosis than women.
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Case report. ⋯ Revision of spinal cord stimulators is usually a safe procedure. However, placement of an electrode within the spinal cord during the revision process is a potential complication resulting in severe neurologic injury.