Spine
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Comparative Study
A comparison of three types of postoperative pain control after posterior lumbar spinal surgery.
Retrospective, nonrandomized, comparative study. ⋯ A single low-dose epidural MMCHS is effective for postoperative pain control and minimizes the occurrence of PONV after posterior lumbar spinal surgery.
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Nonsystematic review and discussion of prognosis after whiplash injury. ⋯ The current evidence is not sufficiently robust to be able to confidently predict outcome after whiplash injury. A preliminary set of consistent factors has been proposed to assist clinicians in identifying individuals at risk of poor recovery. Directions for the development of improved prognostic models are discussed.
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Anatomic study performed on 13 cadaveric specimens focused on muscles of the suboccipital triangle, specifically, the rectus capitis posterior major (RCPma). ⋯ A connection was found to exist between the RCPma and the cervical dura mater. Various clinical manifestations may be linked to this anatomical relationship.
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Retrospective review. ⋯ Significant alterations in swallowing mechanics can accompany c-spine surgery with anterior plating. A number of these changes improve over time, leaving patients with relatively minor impairment; however, some appear to be long-lasting. Education and dysphagia therapy can be useful treatment adjuncts.
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Nonsystematic review and discussion of the etiological processes involved in whiplash-associated disorders (WAD). ⋯ Research to date indicates that there are several physiological and psychological etiological processes that may underlie the initiation and maintenance of whiplash-related pain and disability. Further research is required to determine relationships and interactions between these factors and to determine whether their modification is possible and will improve outcomes after injury.