Spine
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A cadaveric survey of the thoracic spines of extant species of nonbipedal primates for the presence of Scheuermann kyphosis. ⋯ Thoracic kyphotic deformity consistent with Scheuermann kyphosis exists in quadrupedal nonhuman primates. Bipedalism is not a strict requirement for the development of Scheuermann kyphosis, and the evolutionary origins of the disease predate the vertebral adaptations of bipedal locomotion.