Spine
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Histological, immunohistochemical, and immunoblot analyses of the expression of Indian hedgehog (Ihh) signaling in human cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL). ⋯ Our results indicated that overexpression of Ihh signaling promotes abnormal chondrocyte differentiation in enchondral ossification and enhances bone formation in OPLL.
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Retrospective case series. ⋯ 4.
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This was a retrospective study focusing on dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) to assess treatment response in patients with spinal metastases. ⋯ Changes in perfusion, particularly Vp, reflect tumor responses to radiotherapy in spinal bone metastases. These changes were able to predict positive outcomes earlier than 6 months after treatment in 16 of 17 tumors. The ability of DCE-MRI to detect early treatment response has the potential to improve patient care and outcome.
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Human annulus fibrosus (AF) cells were stimulated in vitro with interleukin (IL)-1β and exposed to biphasic electrical currents. ⋯ N/A.
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Retrospective study. ⋯ 4.