Spine
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A biomechanical calf cadaver study. ⋯ In a calf model, a distraction force of up to 800 N leads to no additional reduction of the pressure gradient of bridged healthy lumbar segments under flexion and extension moments.
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Meta Analysis Comparative Study
Do manual therapies help low back pain? A comparative effectiveness meta-analysis.
Meta-analysis methodology was extended to derive comparative effectiveness information on spinal manipulation for low back pain. ⋯ Meta-analyses can extract comparative effectiveness information from existing literature. The relatively small portion of outcomes attributable to treatment explains why past research results fail to converge on stable estimates. The probability of treatment superiority matched a binomial random process. Treatments serve to motivate, reassure, and calibrate patient expectations--features that might reduce medicalization and augment self-care. Exercise with authoritative support is an effective strategy for acute and chronic low back pain.
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Retrospective study. ⋯ Pedicle screws can be used for infantile or juvenile patients, although complication rates associated with pedicle screws tended to be slightly higher in the younger groups.