Spine
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A retrospective clinical study. ⋯ To a certain degree, the diaphragmatic compression and the visceral compression could be compensated for by turning to flattening or even developing into kyphosis of the lumbar lordosis before surgery, which could be corrected by a spinal osteotomy. Sagittal rotation of diaphragm in ankylosing spondylitis kyphosis could also be improved by a spinal osteotomy.
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Comparative Study
Characteristics of low back pain in adolescent patients with early-stage spondylolysis evaluated using a detailed visual analogue scale.
Retrospective comparative cohort study. ⋯ This study revealed that LBP characteristics may provide important information for distinguishing ESS from other low back disorders. Because early diagnosis is essential for the treatment of ESS, MRI examination is recommended for patients showing severe pain in motion, but less pain when standing or sitting.
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A prospective study of 25 patients who underwent anterior cervical surgery. ⋯ We suggest that a medial retraction blade does not transmit direct pressure on P/E wall due to minimal wall exposure and intervening thyroid cartilage. Our result should be considered when measuring retraction pressure during anterior cervical surgery or designing novel retractor systems.
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A dissection-based study of 6 embalmed cadavers. ⋯ Between the cervical spinal nerves and nearby structures, there are 2 types of the EFLs. The radiating ligaments may serve as a protective mechanism against traction and play an important role in the positioning of the nerves in the intervertebral foramen. However, in all probability, the transforaminal ligaments may be the underlying cause of the cervical radiculopathy.
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Retrospective case series. ⋯ CSC visualized on MRI correlates poorly with the upper extremity reflex examination in patients with cervical myelopathy. Of the pathological reflexes, Hoffman sign has the strongest association with CSC, but still was only positive in 67% of cases. More sensitive clinical measures need to be developed to more accurately associate CSC detected on MRI to the clinical severity of cervical spondylotic myelopathy.