Spine
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A retrospective study. ⋯ 4.
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Retrospective Cohort. ⋯ Potentially, the preset exercises of the BR in this study design were not appropriate for the identified subgroup. The results of this study should be replicated in a RCT design that conforms to the necessary methodological steps in the identification of prognostic indicators and clinical prediction rules (CPRs).
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Retrospective study of benchmarking database. ⋯ There was variation in implant costs between medical centers and manufacturers of implants, with a small negative relationship between purchasing volume and cost. Transparency in cost negotiation, surgeon awareness of costs and alignment between surgeon and hospital goals may help decrease the cost of spinal implants, and the cost of care for patients undergoing instrumented fusions.
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Antimicrobial effect of a novel silver-impregnated pedicle screw in rabbits. ⋯ This novel experimental design of implantation in rabbits is easy to apply and resembles human stabilization technique. Modified Ti screws were shown to have antimicrobial effect especially inhibiting the biofilm formation. This anchored Ag NPs that remained after 21st day of implantation shows that it is resistant to tapping forces of the screw.