Spine
-
Systematic review of randomized and nonrandomized comparative studies. ⋯ N/A.
-
Literature review. ⋯ N/A.
-
Biologics in the appropriate biomechanical environment provide viable bone graft substitutes for repair of injured bone while promoting bone formation and osseointegration. Surgeons must recall the basics of bone structure, the principles of Wolff's law, and the components and steps of new bone formation to optimize the fusion environment and to maximize patient outcomes.
-
A retrospective review of prospectively collected data. ⋯ 3.
-
Retrospective review of data from a prospective patient outcomes registry. ⋯ 3.