Spine
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Retrospective cohort study. ⋯ 3.
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Analysis of spine-related patient education materials (PEMs) from subspecialty websites. ⋯ 2.
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A cross-sectional survey of orthopedic spine surgery fellowship directors in the United States. ⋯ 4.
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The ability of lentivirus vector (LV) survivin-transforming growth factor beta 3 (TGFB3)-tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP1) on slowing disc degeneration was evaluated by an animal experiment. ⋯ N/A.
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Ninety-six male adult CD-1 mice were randomly divided into sham, spinal cord injury (SCI) + vehicle, and SCI + IPA-3 groups. Expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9, production of tumor necrosis factors (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β, tissue edema, blood-spinal cord barrier penetrability, neural cell apoptosis, and neurological function recovery were measured. ⋯ 1.