Spine
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Descriptive Analysis of State and Federal Spine Surgery Malpractice Litigation in the United States.
Retrospective Review OBJECTIVE.: This study aimed to determine the factors associated with malpractice litigation in cases involving spine surgery in the United States. ⋯ 4.
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Observational Study
Incidence of Cancer in Spinal Deformity Patients Receiving High-Dose (≥40 mg) Bone Morphogenetic Protein (rhBMP-2).
Level III, Retrospective observational study. ⋯ 3.
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Retrospective study. ⋯ 3.
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In vivo and in vitro experiments. ⋯ Cx43-mediated NFкB (p65) signal played an important role in mechanical stress-induced OPLL by transduction of mechanical signal, while giving rise to the activation of inflammatory response in ligament fibroblastsLevel of Evidence: N/A.