Spine
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Cross-sectional survey. ⋯ Overall, the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen spine sacral classification system appears to be universally applicable among surgeons of various subspecialties and levels of experience with acceptable reliability, reproducibility, and accuracy.Level of Evidence: 4.
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A cross-sectional study. ⋯ The thecal sac area was reduced in older age group from T12/L1 to L4/5, and the thecal sac area was reduced in the anteroposterior and all directions in the upper and lower lumbar area in age group, respectively. Approximately, 3.0% of healthy population in their 50s or older will have severe asymptomatic stenosis.Level of Evidence: 2.
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Biomechanical study using cadaveric cervical spines. ⋯ Increases in the range of extension and lateral bending at C0-C1, which had not been reported previously, were observed. Further, the range of rotation on the right and left sides increased, in conjunction with the increased ranges at C0-C1 and C1-C2.Level of Evidence: N/A.
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Retrospective case-control study. ⋯ The MIS-ATP technique results in a high fusion rate (96.4% of patients; 98.3% of levels). Pseudarthrosis was noted mostly at the L5-S1 discs and in smokers.Level of Evidence: 4.