Spine
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A retrospective comparative study with radiographic measurements. ⋯ PSAs played an important role in FASV. MIS allowed greater PSAs and resulted in fewer incidences of FASV. To avoid FASV in 90% of patients, the PSAs might be at least 11.9° and 15.9° at L4 level, and 15.9° and 21.8° at L5 level for OS and MIS techniques, respectively.Level of Evidence: 3.
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A laboratory study performed in a self-controlled fashion. ⋯ "Surgical smoke" generated by electrocauterization of porcine spinal tissues contains viable bacteria. Further research in actual spine surgery is needed next.Level of Evidence: N/A.
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Prospective longitudinal study. ⋯ The present study demonstrated dynamics of BTMs after lumbar spinal fusion in patients without osteoporosis. These normal population data contribute as a baseline to evaluate the effect of osteogenic agents on bone metabolism after spinal fusion.Level of Evidence: 2.
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A retrospective study. ⋯ Through our study, the risk factors of Post sagittal imbalance were the Post value of PI-LL and that of PTr, and target value of PI-LL was <1.33 and that of PTr was <25.95%. These target values can be effective guidelines for spine surgeons who perform spine reconstruction surgeries for elderly patients with a pure sagittal imbalance based on Schwab's formula.Level of Evidence: 4.