Spine
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    Prospective cohort study. ⋯ CS patients' physical activity is significantly lower than the general population or the frequently stated goals of 7000 to 10,000 steps/day. Standardized, continuous wearable physical activity monitoring in CS is a reliable, valid, and normalized outcome tool that may help characterize functional impairment before and after spinal interventions. 
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    Cadaveric study. ⋯ Our cadaveric study demonstrates that an adequately performed E-TLIF discectomy may be comparable to a T-TLIF discectomy. Further research is required to maximize the efficiency and instrumentation of this technique. 
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    Retrospective population-based database analysis from the Physician/Supplier Procedure Summary Medicare/Medicaid Data Set. ⋯ While utilization of spinal orthosis decreased between 2010 and 2021, increased utilization was observed among a subset of specialties. Identifying these specialties allows for focused research and educational efforts to minimize unnecessary durable medical equipment use for effective health care spending. 
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    A retrospective clinical study with confirmatory evaluation in healthy volunteers. ⋯ 3. 
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    Observational StudyIntraoperative Surgeon Assessment of Bone: Correlation to Bone Mineral Density, CT Hounsfield units and Vertebral Bone Quality.Retrospective observational study of consecutive patients. ⋯ Spine surgeons' qualitative intraoperative assessment of bone correlates with preoperative radiologic parameters, particularly in posterior thoracolumbar surgeries. This information is valuable to surgeons as this supports the idea that decisions based on feel in surgery have a statistical foundation.