Spine
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A 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. ⋯ This study suggests an association between total cholesterol levels and LDL cholesterol levels in OPLL. Further research is warranted to validate these findings and explore potential therapeutic implications.
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The published literature on Cranio-vertebral Junction (CVJ) anomalies lacks a comprehensive appraisal that integrates common diagnostic, management and treatment concepts for different conditions, such as Chiari Malformation (CM), Basilar Invagination (BI), Os Odontoideum (OO) and Syndromic Malformations. The authors aimed to fill this knowledge gap offering guidelines and recommendations with a global outreach and applicability. ⋯ Despite grey zones on natural history of CVJ anomalies and controversies on timing and type of surgical treatments, whenever atlantoaxial instability is present, C1-C2 stabilization through instrumentation and fusion is necessary. If only recurrent pain and neurological dysfunction occurs, surgical decompression is appropriate. If no atlantoaxial instability is present, Down's patients can participate in competitive sports. In general, contact sports are not recommended.