Spine
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Retrospective additional analysis of a prospective follow-up study. ⋯ Poor sagittal balance has only a limited role as a risk factor for the revisions for ASD among patients with degenerative spinal disease. However, the risk for ASD might be the greatest among patients with reduced spinal mobility.
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This is a cross-sectional cohort. ⋯ We defined normal sagittal balance and spinopelvic alignment in a disease-free international volunteer cohort. Four parameters are either fixed or directly modifiable in surgery and can define a normal thoracic and lumbar alignment: the L1-S1 lordosis defined as a function of PI and the L1PA; and the T4 pelvic angle is nearly equivalent to the L1PA, aligning the T4-L1-hip axis.
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Literature review. ⋯ By consolidating the key evidence regarding failure, further research and innovation may be stimulated with the goal of significantly improving the safety and cost-effectiveness of ASD surgery.