Lung
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Comparative Study
The Differences in Spirometry Predictive Equations in Classifying Presence and Degree of Lung Function Impairment: Which Suit Fits the Best?
The aim of this study was to compare the differences between three most commonly used predictive equations (PE): ECCS (European Community of Coal and Steel), the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), and GLI (Global Lung Initiative) in healthy individuals and when grading severity of lung function impairment in patients with obstructive lung diseases. ⋯ There were significant differences between FEV1 and FVC predicted when using different PE. The absolute difference between actual and predicted FEV1 in healthy individuals was highest when using ECCS. The use of different PE may change the interpretation of severity of airway obstruction.
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HIV is associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in high resource settings. Similar relationships are less understood in low resource settings. We aimed to estimate the association between HIV infection, tuberculosis, and COPD in rural Uganda. ⋯ In rural Uganda, COPD may be more prevalent among PLWH, men, and those with prior tuberculosis. Future research is needed to confirm these findings and evaluate their broader impacts on health.
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Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) plays an important role in the innate immune response. In addition to activating the complement, MBL can induce cytokine production and contribute to a deleterious inflammatory response with severe A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection. Our aim was to determine if serum MBL levels correlate with the risk of mortality in intensive care units (ICU) patients with A(H1N1)pdm09 infection. ⋯ This study shows that baseline MBL > 1870 ng/ml is associated with higher mortality in ICU patients with severe A(H1N1)pdm09 infection.
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Interleukin (IL)-25 and IL-33 induce IL-5 production by various types of cells, such as type 2 helper T (Th2) cells and type 2 innate lymphoid cells. The number of Th2 cells and concentration of IL-5 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) are increased in patients with eosinophilic pneumonia (EP). To examine the contribution of IL-25 and IL-33 to eosinophilic inflammation of the lung in humans, we evaluated IL-5, IL-25 and IL-33 levels in the BALF of patients with EP. ⋯ Our findings suggest that IL-25 plays an important role via IL-5 in eosinophilic lung inflammation in patients with CEP.
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Multicenter Study Observational Study
Asymmetric Dimethylarginine Predicts Long-Term Outcome in Patients with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.
In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), there is an activation of the L-arginine nitric oxide pathway. Pulmonary obstruction causes to elevated nitric oxide (NO) levels, which lead to higher production of the NO-inhibiting metabolites asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA). ⋯ ADMA was found to be an independent risk factor for long-term all-cause mortality in patients with acute exacerbation of COPD. Whether therapeutic modification of the L-arginine-nitric oxide pathway has the potential to improve outcome should be evaluated in future interventional trials.