Intensive care medicine
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Intensive care medicine · Jul 2014
Observational StudyUltrasound assessment of gastric volume in critically ill patients.
To assess the feasibility and validity of ultrasonographic measurement of gastric antral cross-sectional area (usCSA) in critically ill patients to predict gastric volume and the use of computed tomography (CT) as a reference to measure gastric volume. ⋯ Ultrasonographic measurement of antral CSA is feasible and reliable in the majority of critically ill patients. This technique could be useful to manage critically ill patients at risk of aspiration or with enteral feeding.
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Intensive care medicine · Jul 2014
My paper 20 years later: Effect of positive end-expiratory pressure on right ventricular function in humans.
In 1992, we published a report on the effect of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on right ventricular (RV) function in humans. ⋯ Subsequent studies confirmed our findings which can be summarized as 1) RV filling is independent of Pra; thus central venous pressure cannot be used to estimate RV preload; and 2) for cardiac output to increase by the Starling mechanism the RV must dilate increasing RV ESV. Since the pericardium limits absolute biventricular volume, there is a finite limit to which cardiac output can increase by the Starling mechanism defined not by left ventricular contractility but by RV function. And 3) if fluid loading causes Pra to increase without increasing cardiac output, then resuscitation should stop as the patient is going into acute cor pulmonale. These truths help bedside clinicians understand the echocardiographic and hemodynamic signatures of both RV failure and volume responsiveness.