Intensive care medicine
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Intensive care medicine · Jan 2015
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyCirculating presepsin (soluble CD14 subtype) as a marker of host response in patients with severe sepsis or septic shock: data from the multicenter, randomized ALBIOS trial.
Presepsin is a soluble fragment of the cluster-of-differentiation marker protein 14 (CD14) involved in pathogen recognition by innate immunity. We evaluated the relation between its circulating concentration, host response, appropriateness of antibiotic therapy, and mortality in patients with severe sepsis. ⋯ Presepsin is an early predictor of host response and mortality in septic patients. Changes in concentrations over time seem to reflect the appropriateness of antibiotic therapy.
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Intensive care medicine · Jan 2015
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyLinezolid plasma and intrapulmonary concentrations in critically ill obese patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia: intermittent vs continuous administration.
Clinical application of an antibiotic's pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) properties may improve the outcome of severe infections. No data are available on the use of linezolid (LNZ) continuous infusion in critically ill obese patients affected by ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). ⋯ In critically ill obese patients affected by VAP, LNZ CI may overcome the limits of standard administration but these advantages are less evident with difficult to treat pathogens (MIC = 4 mg/L). These data support the usefulness of LNZ continuous infusion, combined with therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), in selected critically ill populations.
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Intensive care medicine · Jan 2015
ReviewVentilator-associated pneumonia: present understanding and ongoing debates.
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common cause of nosocomial infection, and is related to significant utilization of health-care resources. In the past decade, new data have emerged about VAP epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. ⋯ The morbidity and mortality related to VAP remain high and, in the absence of a gold standard test for diagnosis, suspected VAP patients should be started on antibiotics based on recommendations per the 2005 ATS guidelines and knowledge of local antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Using a combination of clinical severity scores, biomarkers, and cultures might help with reducing the duration of therapy and achieving antibiotic de-escalation.