Sexually transmitted diseases
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To identify factors associated with subsequent sexually transmitted infection (STI) (within 1 year of initial infection) due to Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Trichomonas vaginalis. ⋯ Subsequent STI frequently follow an initial STI, but there is substantial variation in the causal organism. These data suggest the importance of comprehensive STI prevention programs for adolescents rather than organism-specific interventions.
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To explore differences in demographic characteristies, risk practices, and preventive behaviors among subgroups of men who have sex with men (MSM), including gay- and non-gay-identified MSM, MSM who inject drugs, and those engaging in sex hustling. ⋯ Among MSM, subgroups at particularly high risk for HIV can be identified. Although these subgroups may be relatively small, they may be important epidemiologic links to the larger MSM and heterosexual communities and warrant focused behavioral interventions to prevent the further spread of HIV.
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African-American adolescents have the highest rates of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) of any racial/ethnic group of adolescents. The objective of this study was to determine the degree to which racial/ethnic differences in sexual behaviors account for African-American adolescents' higher rates of STDs. ⋯ Differences in sexual behaviors do not fully account for African-American adolescents' increased risk for STDs. Interventions designed to reduce sexual risk taking among African-American adolescents may not ameliorate racial/ethnic differences in rates of STDs.
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To determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with cervicitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1-seropositive and HIV-seronegative pregnant women in Bangkok, and the relation to perinatal HIV transmission. ⋯ Among pregnant women in Bangkok, C. trachomatis infection was considerably more common than N. gonorrhoeae infection and was associated with HIV infection, young age and first pregnancy (HIV-seropositive women), and multiple partners (HIV-seronegative women). Our data do not suggest an association between perinatal HIV transmission and maternal C. trachomatis or N. gonorrhoeae infection identified and treated during pregnancy. The high prevalence of C. trachomatis found using a test not readily available in Thailand emphasizes the need for improved, inexpensive ways to screen for and diagnose these sexually transmitted infections in developing countries.