Sexually transmitted diseases
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Human papillomavirus infection is a sexually transmitted disease associated with cervical dysplasia and carcinoma. ⋯ Cervical human papillomavirus infection was the most prevalent sexually transmitted disease among an ethnically diverse group of urban adolescent females, with a large proportion of infections neither clinically nor cytologically apparent. The strong association with lifetime sexual partners substantiates that cervical human papillomavirus is acquired predominantly by sexual contact and often soon after the onset of sexual activity.
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Multicenter Study
STD partner notification and referral in primary level health centers in Nairobi, Kenya.
Controlling sexually transmitted diseases requires that partners of patients with a sexually transmitted disease be notified and treated. However, many countries in the developing world lack the infrastructure and resources for effective partner referral. ⋯ Strengthening and directing counseling toward women in maternal child health/family planning clinics and married men and women in general clinics may be an effective and inexpensive way to increase partner notification in the developing world.
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Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Time required for elimination of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from the urogenital tract in men with symptomatic urethritis: comparison of oral and intramuscular single-dose therapy.
The spread of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including gonorrhea, is affected by the duration of infection. Oral antibiotic therapy for gonococcal infection has been shown to be as effective as conventional intramuscular injection with ceftriaxone. Rapid cure would be expected to limit further spread of gonorrhea. However, the speed with which Neisseria gonorrhoeae is eliminated from the urogenital tract has not been evaluated. ⋯ These results support the efficacy of single-dose oral therapy for gonorrhea and suggest that earlier follow-up for proof of cure in clinical trials of new antibiotics for gonorrhea may be acceptable. Rapid elimination of gonorrhea reduces the risk for continued transmission of the organism.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
The effectiveness of video-based interventions in promoting condom acquisition among STD clinic patients.
This study examined the effectiveness of video-based patient education interventions on promoting condom use among men and women seeking services at a large public STD clinic in New York City. ⋯ Based on extensive formative research that identified barriers to safer sex behaviors, video-based interventions were developed to promote condom use among black and Hispanic men and women attending STD clinics. Designed to be integrated into clinic services, these interventions help improve knowledge, promote positive attitudes about condoms, and increase condom acquisition among individuals at high risk of acquiring and transmitting human immunodeficiency virus infection and other STDs.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Meta Analysis Clinical Trial
Single-dose ciprofloxacin for the treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea: a worldwide summary.
Antibiotic therapy for Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections has evolved owing to the development of resistance to penicillin and tetracycline therapy. A variety of antimicrobials, including the fluoroquinolones, have been proposed as useful alternatives. ⋯ Although the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have identified 500 mg of ciprofloxacin as a single-dose treatment regimen for uncomplicated gonorrhea, the clinical data from the multinational studies indicate that a 250-mg single-dose of ciprofloxacin is equally effective in the management of uncomplicated gonorrhea, including extragenital sites of infection.