Clinical therapeutics
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Clinical therapeutics · May 2007
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyEfficacy and tolerability of once-daily OROS hydromorphone and twice-daily extended-release oxycodone in patients with chronic, moderate to severe osteoarthritis pain: results of a 6-week, randomized, open-label, noninferiority analysis.
This study compared the efficacy and tolerability of a once-daily controlled-release formulation of hydromorphone (OROS) hydromorphone, Janssen-Cilag, Beerse, Belgium) and twice-daily extended-release (ER) oxycodone in patients with chronic, moderate to severe osteoarthritis (OA) pain. OROS hydromorphone is currently available only in Europe. ⋯ Once-daily OROS hydromorphone and twice-daily ER oxycodone provided similar pain relief in these patients with OA of the knee or hip. The tolerability profiles of the 2 agents were similar.
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Clinical therapeutics · May 2007
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyComparison of inhibition of cutaneous histamine reaction of ebastine fast-dissolving tablet (20 mg) versus desloratadine capsule (5 mg): a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled, three-period crossover study in healthy, nonatopic adults.
Ebastine is a long-acting, second-generation, selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist. A fast-dissolving tablet formulation of ebastine has been developed at 10- and 20-mg doses, with the intention of facilitating administration to patients experiencing problems with swallowing, including those confined to bed and elderly people, as well as those who may need to use ebastine when they do not have easy access to water to aid swallowing a tablet. ⋯ In this small study in healthy, nonatopic white subjects, inhibition of the response to histamine injection was significantly greater with the ebastine 20-mg fast-dissolving tablet compared with desloratadine 5-mg capsule and placebo after 1 and 5 days of administration. Most participants expressed an overall preference for the fast-dissolving tablet formulation over capsules. All study drugs were well tolerated.
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Clinical therapeutics · May 2007
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyComparison of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of biphasic insulin aspart 50 and 30 in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a single-center, randomized, double-blind, two-period, crossover trial in Japan.
To overcome the complicated mixing procedures required in the use of insulin formulations, premixed formulations consisting of rapid-acting and intermediate-type insulin in various mixing proportions have been developed. Biphasic insulin aspart 50 (BIAsp50) and 30 (BlAsp30) are 2 premixed formulations containing the active ingredient insulin aspart (IAsp) and consisting of a rapid-acting component soluble IAsp) and intermediate-acting component (protamine-crystallized protracted IAsp) in ratios of 50/50 and 30/70, respectively. These formulations are provided with the expectation that BIAsp30 and BIAsp50 will be beneficial for patients needing to improve their postprandial blood glucose control without changing their dietary habits and lifestyles. BIAsp30 has been widely used in medical practice, whereas BIAsp50 is being investigated in clinical trials. ⋯ In this small PK/PD study in adults with type 2 diabetes in Japan, mean C(max,IAsp) was significantly higher with BIAsp50 than with BIAsp30, and AUC(0-120 min,IAsp) and AUC(0-120 min,GIR) were higher with BIAsp50 than with BIAsp30.
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Clinical therapeutics · May 2007
Randomized Controlled TrialPrevention of pain due to injection of propofol with IV administration of lidocaine 40 mg + metoclopramide 2.5, 5, or 10 mg or saline: a randomized, double-blind study in Japanese adult surgical patients.
Pain on injection is a recognized adverse event (AE) with propofol, an agent used to induce general anesthesia in surgical patients. Lidocame (LID) has been found efficacious in reducing pain on injection of propofol; however, this type of pain may not be completely eliminated with LID. Metoclopramide (MET) is a dopamine receptor agonist with antiemetic and prokinetic properties used for the treatment of nausea and facilitation of gastric emptying in patients with gastroparesis. MET also has local anesthetic properties similar to those of LID. ⋯ Among these 240 Japanese patients undergoing elective surgery, N administration of LID/MET 40/5 or 40/10 was associated with lower incidence, but not lower mean pain intensity scores, of pain on injection of propofol than LID/MET 40/2.5 or LID/saline before induction of anesthesia.
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Clinical therapeutics · May 2007
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyAn economic assessment of losartan-based versus atenolol-based therapy in patients with hypertension and left-ventricular hypertrophy: results from the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction (LIFE) study adapted to The Netherlands.
The Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction (LIFE) study was a randomized, doubleblind trial that compared the effects of losartan-based treatment with those of atenolol-based treatment on cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related morbidity and mortality in 9193 patients with hypertension and left-ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Compared with atenolol, losartan reduced the combined risk for CVD-related morbidity and mortality by 13% (P = 0.021), and reduced the risk for stroke by 25% (P = 0.001), with comparable blood pressure control in both trial arms. ⋯ Results from the present analysis suggest that, in The Netherlands, treatment with losartan compared with atenolol may well be a cost-effective intervention based on the reduced risk for stroke observed in the LIFE trial.