Clinical therapeutics
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Clinical therapeutics · Dec 2004
ReviewAnakinra: review of recombinant human interleukin-I receptor antagonist in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
Interleukin-1 (IL-1) plays an important role in the pathophysiology and progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by contributing to destruction of cartilage, bone, and periarticular tissues. Inhibiting IL-1 synthesis or activity with the use of recombinant human IL-1 receptor antagonist (anakinra) may prove to be an effective approach to the treatment of RA. ⋯ IL-1 is an important cytokine in promoting the damage associated with RA. Anakinra is mildly to moderately effective and well tolerated in patients with active RA when used as monotherapy or in combination with methotrexate.
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Clinical therapeutics · Dec 2004
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialPharmacokinetic properties of combination oxycodone plus racemic ibuprofen: two randomized, open-label, crossover studies in healthy adult volunteers.
As part of ongoing studies to evaluate the analgesic efficacy and pharmacokinetic properties of combination oxycodone plus ibuprofen in the treatment of moderate to severe acute pain, 2 pharmacokinetic studies were conducted. ⋯ The single-dose pharmacokinetic profiles of oxycodone and ibuprofen in these healthy volunteers were similar when these 2 drugs were given as monotherapy or in combination, suggesting bioequivalence. Food intake before administration of a single dose of the combination did not affect ibuprofen absorption but marginally increased the extent, but not the rate, of oxycodone absorption.
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Clinical therapeutics · Nov 2004
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study Clinical TrialTwelve-week, multicenter, randomized, open-label comparison of the effects of rosuvastatin 10 mg/d and atorvastatin 10 mg/d in high-risk adults: a DISCOVERY study.
Guidelines for the prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD) advocate reductions in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and total cholesterol (TC) levels as the primary goals. However, approximately 50% to 60% of patients fail to reach recommended cholesterol goals. ⋯ In this study of selected patients at high risk for CHD and with primary hypercholesterolemia, rosuvastatin 10 mg/d for 12 weeks was associated with significantly greater reductions in LDL-C and TC levels compared with atorvastatin 10 mg/d. Furthermore, significantly more patients receiving rosuvastatin achieved the 1998 and 2003 JTF-recommended lipid targets compared with those receiving atorvastatin. Both agents were well tolerated.
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Clinical therapeutics · Nov 2004
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study Clinical TrialTransdermal buprenorphine in the treatment of chronic pain: results of a phase III, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
Buprenorphine, a potent opioid analgesic, has been available in parenteral and oral or sublingual(SL) formulations for >25 years. In 2001, the buprenorphine transdermal delivery system (TES) was introduced at 3 release rates (35, 52.5, and 70 microg/h) for the treatment of chronic cancer and noncancer pain. ⋯ In the population studied, buprenorphine TDS provided adequate pain relief, as well as improvements in pain intensity and duration of pain-free sleep. It may be considered a therapeutic option for the treatment of moderate to severe chronic pain.
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Clinical therapeutics · Nov 2004
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study Clinical TrialEfficacy and tolerability of sustained-release tramadol in the treatment of symptomatic osteoarthritis of the hip or knee: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
Opioid analgesics may be a useful alternative in patients with osteoarthritis who have not responded to first-line treatment with acetaminophen and in whom nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are contraindicated, ineffective, or poorly tolerated. ⋯ In this study, tramadol LP 200 mg was significantly more effective than placebo in alleviating pain in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee. It appeared to be relatively well tolerated for an opioid compound.