Clinical therapeutics
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Clinical therapeutics · Apr 2010
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyPropofol/dexmedetomidine and propofol/ketamine combinations for anesthesia in pediatric patients undergoing transcatheter atrial septal defect closure: a prospective randomized study.
Children undergoing cardiac catheterization usually need general anesthesia or deep sedation. ⋯ In this small study, both dexmedetomidine and ketamine in combination with propofol were well tolerated in these pediatric patients who required ASD closure. The recovery period was significantly shorter in the dexmedetomidine group.
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Clinical therapeutics · Apr 2010
ReviewOnset of relief of symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease: post hoc analysis of two previously published studies comparing pantoprazole 20 mg once daily with nizatidine or ranitidine 150 mg twice daily.
Systematic assessments of the onset of symptom relief in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are lacking. ⋯ In this post hoc reanalysis of data from 2 previously published clinical trials, use of pantoprazole 20 mg once daily was associated with effective early relief from heartburn and acid regurgitation among these patients with GERD and NERD; relief occurred as fast as and, in some cases, even faster than that seen with nizatidine or ranitidine.
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Clinical therapeutics · Apr 2010
ReviewStrategies to optimize treatment with NSAIDs in patients at risk for gastrointestinal and cardiovascular adverse events.
NSAIDs, including cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors, are among the most widely prescribed medications worldwide. However, NSAIDs have been associated with gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity. The cardiovascular (CV) toxicity associated with COX-2 inhibitors and some other NSAIDs further complicates the choice of therapy. ⋯ The choice of NSAID should be tailored to the GI and CV risks in the patient. The risk profile can be affected by numerous factors, including NSAID dosing and concurrent aspirin use. Thus, individualized risk stratification should be the clinician's primary consideration when selecting treatment.
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Clinical therapeutics · Apr 2010
Impact of two Medicaid prior-authorization policies on antihypertensive use and costs among Michigan and Indiana residents dually enrolled in Medicaid and Medicare: results of a longitudinal, population-based study.
In response to rising pharmaceutical costs, many state Medicaid programs have implemented policies requiring prior authorization for high-cost medications, even for established users. However, little is known about the impact of these policies on the use of antihypertensive medicines in the United States. ⋯ Prior authorization was associated with lower use of nonpreferred antihypertensive drugs that was largely offset by increases in the use of preferred drugs. The possible clinical consequences of policy-induced drug switching for individual patients remain unknown because the present study did not include access to medical record data. Further research is needed to establish whether large-scale switches in medicines following the inception of prior-authorization policies have any long-term health effects.
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Clinical therapeutics · Apr 2010
Comparative StudyEvaluation of caspofungin or micafungin as empiric antifungal therapy in adult patients with persistent febrile neutropenia: a retrospective, observational, sequential cohort analysis.
Caspofungin is approved in the United States for empiric antifungal therapy for persistent febrile neutropenia (FN). There are limited data about the use of other echinocandins in this setting. ⋯ Micafungin, as empiric antifungal therapy for persistent FN, did not appear to differ significantly from caspofungin in terms of safety profile or efficacy in the adult patients included in this sequential cohort analysis at one institution. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00723073.