Revista de neurologia
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To review current concepts regarding the management of severe closed head injury and determine the possible causes of brain damage in these patients. ⋯ All patients with closed head injuries should be evaluated and treated as emergencies, and admitted to a critical care unit to avoid secondary lesions such as hypoxemia, arterial hypotension and cerebral edema. Treatment should be aimed at maintenance of the intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion within normal limits and also maintenance satisfactory jugular saturation.
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To review the basic concepts and mechanisms of cerebral edema and to analyze current management of this complex clinical problem. ⋯ All patients with acute cerebral edema should be evaluated early and treated with therapy which will solve the underlying pathological problem. Good medical management of these patients is of vital importance to assure a satisfactory clinical outcome. Recently new, effective therapy has been evaluated which may substantially change current concepts of the treatment of patients with acute cerebral edema.
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Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a common problem in children. It is characterized by a partial airway obstruction associated with hypoxemia and hypoventilation rather than complete airway obstruction. ⋯ An overview of this pathology and the different polysomnographic parameters used are reported. Efforts to detect sleep apnea syndrome should be employed in children who present with the symptoms discussed. New guidelines for pediatric polysomnography should help standardize methods.
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Revista de neurologia · Jan 2001
Review[Physiopathology of respiratory insufficiency of neuromuscular origin].
To review the mechanisms involved in the appearance of respiratory failure in patients with neuromuscular disorders. ⋯ The origin of the respiratory failure seen in patients with neuromuscular diseases is due to many factors. Nocturnal ventilatory assistance is effective since it acts on all the different mechanisms involved.