Der Internist
-
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell treatment is a novel immunotherapy utilizing the patient's own immune system as a "weapon against tumor cells". In patients with multiple myeloma (MM), CAR T-cell therapy has been investigated in clinical trials. The current data on B‑cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-targeted CAR T-cells have shown impressive efficacy, and official approval is expected shortly. ⋯ Moreover, the treatment can cause severe adverse events such as cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity with lethal outcome. The cost-benefit ratio of this treatment also needs to be optimized. Despite these limitations, CAR T-cell therapy represents an attractive option for patients with MM and has the potential to be incorporated into the standard of care.
-
Virtually no other topic has attracted more attention in oncology in recent years than chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‑cell therapy (CAR T). On the one hand it opens up completely new treatment options for cancer patients, while on the other it generates treatment costs exceeding € 300,000 per treatment. ⋯ High drug costs as well as enormous personnel and infrastructural requirements demand transparent and sufficient reimbursement for hospitals. Interaction between hospital and pharmaceutical manufacturer in the CAR T process might enable new means of cooperation.
-
In recent years, large treatment studies have been published in the field of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and were supplemented by several post-hoc analyses in 2020. The new evidence was incorporated into the 2021 update of the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) report. This article describes the updated fundamentals of and recommendations for the treatment of COPD. ⋯ Bronchodilation remains the foundation of COPD therapy. For patients with clustered exacerbations, triple therapy with LAMA + LABA + ICS confers a mortality benefit. Further analysis or studies are needed to clarify whether this effect is more pronounced for specific subgroups.
-
The observation that tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) after ex vivo amplification can control tumors in the long term led to the concept of redirecting patients' cytolytic T‑cells by a receptor with defined specificity against the tumor. ⋯ Adoptive CAR T‑cell therapy has shown clinical efficacy in the treatment of hematological malignancies; the treatment of solid tumors, however, is more challenging. Allogeneic CAR T‑cell technology is aimed at generating "off-the-shelf" CAR T‑cells that are accessible for a large number of patients. A further promising approach is the use of CAR T‑cells for other therapeutic applications such as the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
-
Acute lymphatic leukemia is the most common malignant disease in children. Despite a good prognosis, new therapeutic concepts are needed for patients with refractory and relapsed disease. ⋯ Further improvements in vector design will help to improve the effectiveness of this treatment. It will become important to isolate factors that will make it possible to identify patients who will respond to this therapy in the long term.