Der Internist
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Obesity results from a chronic positive energy balance. ⋯ Comparative studies showed that weight loss depends on the extent of energy restriction rather than on macronutrient composition. Due to the high variability in dietary habits the management of obesity should be problem-oriented and patient-centered.
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Vertigo and syncope are frequently occurring clinical presentations in the physician's practice as well as in the emergency room. Therefore, many physicians and institutions have formulated diagnostic protocols that they follow when a patient with vertigo or syncope presents. ⋯ The purpose of the following article is to show that a well-focused history based on clear cut concepts of disease and a sound pathophysiological understanding will guide the physician precisely through the diagnostic process in both clinical presentations and will help to avoid manifold diagnostic procedures. Finally, a description of the most frequent pitfalls of the diagnostic work-up is given, along with measures to avoid these.