The American journal of surgical pathology
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Am. J. Surg. Pathol. · Dec 2015
Comparative StudyIgG4-related Orbital Disease and Its Mimics in a Western Population.
Although chronic inflammatory disorders of the ocular adnexa are relatively common, their pathogenesis is in many cases poorly understood. Recent investigation suggests that many cases of sclerosing orbital inflammation are a manifestation of IgG4-related disease; however, most patients reported have been Asian, and it is not clear whether the results of studies from the Far East can be reliably extrapolated to draw conclusions about Western patients. We evaluated 38 cases previously diagnosed as orbital inflammatory pseudotumor or chronic dacryoadenitis to determine whether our cases fulfill the criteria for IgG4-RD (IgG4-related dacryoadenitis when involving the lacrimal gland, and IgG4-related sclerosing orbital inflammation when involving orbital soft tissue). ⋯ These patients had a variety of diseases, including granulomatosis with polyangiitis (3 cases), Rosai-Dorfman disease (1 case), nonspecific chronic inflammation and fibrosis involving lacrimal gland or soft tissue (12 cases), and others. Clinical and pathologic findings among our patients with IgG4-RD involving the orbit are similar to those previously described in Asian patients. Careful evaluation of histologic and immunophenotypic features and clinical correlation are required to distinguish orbital IgG4-RD from other sclerosing inflammatory lesions in the orbit.
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Idelalisib is an inhibitor of the PI3Kδ isoform approved for treatment of patients with relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia and indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Many patients develop gastrointestinal symptoms during idelalisib therapy; however, the pathologic effects of this drug have not been characterized. We identified 50 patients who received at least 3 months of idelalisib therapy. ⋯ Idelalisib commonly causes diarrheal symptoms in patients undergoing therapy for B-cell neoplasia, which may be severe in nearly 20% of patients. Characteristic histologic features include the combination of intraepithelial lymphocytosis and crypt cell apoptosis, often accompanied by neutrophils. Discontinuation of the drug results in symptomatic improvement and resolution of histologic changes.
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Am. J. Surg. Pathol. · Sep 2015
"Mass-forming" variant of ischemic colitis is a distinct entity with predilection for the proximal colon.
We systematically evaluated the clinicopathologic features and outcome of a rare, unusual variant of ischemic colitis that presents as a mass lesion mimicking malignancy on imaging or colonoscopy. A retrospective search was performed for cases with a histologic diagnosis of ischemic colitis and a clinical impression of malignancy. Of the 23 patients initially identified, 4 were excluded because clinical and histologic review showed mucosal prolapse (n=1), discrete colon polyp (n=2), and a diverticular mass (n=1) without concern for malignancy. ⋯ No malignancy was identified on follow-up in any patient (mean 39.9 mo). Follow-up colonoscopy was performed in 7 patients 1 to 32 weeks after initial presentation and showed resolution of the mass in all cases. Awareness of this rare variant of ischemic colitis will prevent unnecessary resections in these patients.
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Am. J. Surg. Pathol. · May 2015
Clinical impact of minimal micropapillary pattern in invasive lung adenocarcinoma: prognostic significance and survival outcomes.
Micropapillary subtype has recently been established to be a distinct marker for poor prognosis in lung adenocarcinomas. According to the current classification of lung adenocarcinomas, all subtypes are listed semiquantitatively in 5% increments. In other words, a minimal amount of the micropapillary pattern, precisely <5% of the entire tumor is disregarded. ⋯ At multivariate analyses, age (P=0.005) and N status (P=0.005) were independent prognostic factors influencing OS. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that even a small proportion of the micropapillary pattern, specifically <5% of the entire tumor has a significant prognostic impact on OS. N status remained an independent prognostic factor that negatively influenced OS.
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Am. J. Surg. Pathol. · Apr 2015
Globular hepatic amyloid is highly sensitive and specific for LECT2 amyloidosis.
Globular hepatic amyloid (GHA) is rare, and its clinical significance remains unclear. Recently, leukocyte chemotactic factor-associated amyloidosis (ALECT2) has been reported to involve the liver, showing a globular pattern. We reviewed 70 consecutive cases of hepatic amyloidosis to determine the prevalence and morphology of hepatic amyloid subtypes, especially ALECT2 and its association with GHA. ⋯ None of the other amyloid subtypes showed GHA. LECT2 immunostain was positive in all 27 cases (100%) of ALECT2 and negative in the other 22 non-ALECT2 cases (100%) (14 AL, 5 ATTR, 1 AA, 1 AFib, 1 AApoA1). Pure GHA is uncommon (4%) but is highly specific for ALECT2, and LECT2 immunostain is helpful in confirming this amyloid type.