Early human development
-
Early human development · Jul 2012
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyThe metabolic effects of two different lipid emulsions used in parenterally fed premature infants--a randomized comparative study.
To compare the effects of two different lipid emulsions, based on soybean oil and olive oil respectively on plasma lipid concentrations and acylcarnitine profile of very low birth weight infants. ⋯ Low levels of very low density lipoprotein in Group I may be a way of hemostasis to keep the serum triglyceride within normal levels. Lower free carnitine levels in soybean oil-based group is the result of carnitine need during the mitochondrial transport of long chain fatty acids. In Group I, due to the inefficient transport of medium chain fatty acids into the mitochondria, medium chain acylcarnitines accumulate in plasma. This may be the reason of lower carnitine levels in Group I. We suggest that higher levels of hexanoyl carnitine, reflecting defective mitochondrial transport of hexanoyl which leads immunsupression, may be the cause of higher sepsis risk in Group I.
-
Early human development · Jul 2012
The Stockholm Neonatal Family-Centered Care Study: effects on salivary cortisol in infants and their mothers.
Parental involvement in the care of preterm infants in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) is common, but little is known about the effect on stress responses in mothers and infants. ⋯ Family-centered care had no effect on salivary cortisol reactivity during diaper change. However, sharing the same environment may increase the concordance between preterm infants' and their mothers' salivary cortisol levels.
-
Early human development · Jun 2012
Clinical TrialCerebral and mesenteric tissue oxygenation by positional changes in very low birth weight premature infants.
There has been no clear consensus of the appropriate positioning in preterm infants. We aimed to evaluate the changes of cerebral and mesenteric tissue oxygenation in three different positions, by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), in stable very low birth weight (VLBW) infants of postnatal >30 days. ⋯ Clinically stable very low birth weight infants are able to maintain a stable cerebral and mesenteric tissue oxygenation in different positions, both before and after feeding. Positional changes seem to be safe in VLBW stable infants and this influence should be considered in care of these patients in the NICU. Clinical Trials Identification Number: NCT01255189.
-
Early human development · Jun 2012
Change in cognitive abilities over time during preschool age in low risk preterm children.
More information is needed on 'low-risk' preterm infants' neurological outcome so that they can be included in follow-up programs at least until school age. ⋯ Ex low-risk children born preterm achieve lower scores over time in visual-motor and perceptual ability scales and in some language tests than children born at term. Like high-risk premature infants even those at low risk deserve regular follow-up with long-term programs.
-
Early human development · May 2012
Early and late onset sepsis in very-low-birth-weight infants from a large group of neonatal intensive care units.
Very-low-birth-weight (VLBW, <1500 g birth weight) infants are at high risk for both early- and late-onset sepsis. Prior studies have observed a predominance of Gram-negative organisms as a cause of early-onset sepsis and Gram-positive organisms as a cause of late-onset sepsis. These reports are limited to large, academic neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) and may not reflect findings in other units. The purpose of this study was to determine the risk factors for sepsis, the causative organisms, and mortality following infection in a large and diverse sample of NICUs. ⋯ This is the largest report of sepsis in VLBW infants to date. Incidence for early-onset sepsis and late-onset sepsis has changed little over this 14-year period, and overall mortality in VLBW infants with early- and late-onset sepsis is higher than in infants with negative cultures.