Early human development
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Early human development · Feb 2011
Comparative StudyEffects of selective head cooling on cerebral blood flow and metabolism in newborn piglets after hypoxia-ischemia.
the effect of selective head cooling on cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral metabolism rate (CMR) was investigated in newborn piglets. ⋯ selective head cooling not only reduced energy consumption, but also improve brain oxygen metabolism in newborn after HI.
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Neonatal renal tumours are rare, with only 7% of all neonatal tumours arising from the kidney. Presentation is usually as a flank mass or as a coincidental finding on either antenatal or postnatal ultrasound. Mesoblastic nephroma is the most common tumour to be found at this age, but Wilms' tumour and other malignant and benign tumours occur. ⋯ Given the low malignant potential of these tumours, treatment is by radical nephroureterctomy, except in cases with bilateral disease or syndromic patients with a high incidence of metachronous tumours. Chemotherapy is rarely indicated. Survival is generally excellent for all tumour types in this age group, the exception being malignant rhabdoid tumour of the kidney which may have metastases at presentation.
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Though some neonatal soft tissue tumours have identical biology and natural history to the same tumours in older children many tumours in this age group have a distinct and more favourable behaviour and mandate less aggressive treatment; many being curable by surgical resection alone. Accurate histological diagnosis is essential. In those instances where adjunctive chemotherapy is indicated it is essential to modify paediatric chemotherapy dosages and regimes to minimise the risk of serious adverse effects. Radiotherapy should be avoided due to its severe adverse effects on growth and the risk of inducing secondary malignancies.
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Early human development · Aug 2010
Intratracheal catheter suction removes the same volume of meconium with less impact on desaturation compared with meconium aspirator in meconium aspiration syndrome.
To evaluate the impact of suction technique on the rate of meconium removal, oxygenation, and hemodynamics in an animal experimental model of meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS). ⋯ Intratracheal CS removed the same volume of meconium with less impact on desaturation compared with meconium aspiration in an animal model of MAS. Intratracheal CS may be benefit to remove meconium in non-vigorous infants with meconium-stained amniotic fluid at birth.
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Early human development · Jul 2010
ReviewRisk factors and prevention of late-onset sepsis in premature infants.
Late-onset sepsis in premature infants is a major cause of morbidity, mortality, and increased medical costs. Risk factors include low birth weight, low gestational age, previous antimicrobial exposure, poor hand hygiene, and central venous catheters. Methods studied to prevent late-onset sepsis include early feedings, immune globulin administration, prophylactic antimicrobial administration, and improved hand hygiene. In this review, we will outline the risk factors for development of late-onset sepsis and evidence supporting methods for prevention of late-onset sepsis in premature infants.