Journal of pediatric psychology
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The present study assessed behavioral distress during noninvasive outpatient procedures in children ages 4-10 years using a multimethod approach. Factors hypothesized to exacerbate children's distress included parents' and children's attitudes toward healthcare, children's knowledge of medical settings, and parental anxiety. A total of 53 parent-child dyads were recruited from outpatient clinics, with procedural distress assessed via child report, parent report, and direct observation. ⋯ Children's healthcare attitudes and knowledge were associated with observed and child-reported distress, but parent's personal anxiety was associated only with their own perceptions of children's procedural distress. Parents' attitudes toward healthcare were associated with their anxiety but not with children's behavioral distress or healthcare attitudes. Findings are discussed in terms of more consistent findings regarding children's healthcare knowledge and attitudes versus the potential need for additional research on more divergent findings regarding parents' anxiety and healthcare attitudes.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
The role of state anxiety in children's memories for pain.
To investigate the impact of experimentally manipulated state anxiety and the influence of anxiety-related variables on children's memories for pain. ⋯ These data highlight the importance of anxiety in the development of children's memories for pain.
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To examine the relation of parent stress to parent mental health and child mental and physical health. ⋯ Families with high levels of general life stress should be identified as they are at risk for both poor parent and child health outcomes.
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To develop and validate a behavioral coding measure, the Children's Behavior Coding System-PACU (CBCS-P), for children's distress and nondistress behaviors while in the postanesthesia recovery unit. ⋯ The CBCS-P is a reliable, observational coding method that captures children's distress and nondistress postoperative behaviors. These findings highlight the importance of considering context in both the development and application of observational coding schemes.
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To characterize dyadic and general friendships of youth with spina bifida (SB). ⋯ Youth with SB experience significant differences in the quality and reciprocation of friendships. Targeted interventions may assist youth in developing high quality friendships.