MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report
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In 2009, approximately 410,000 teens aged 15-19 years gave birth in the United States, and the teen birth rate remains higher than in other developed countries. ⋯ Teen childbearing is associated with adverse consequences for mothers and their children and imposes high public sector costs. Prevention of teen pregnancy requires evidence-based sex education, support for parents in talking with their children about pregnancy prevention and other aspects of sexual and reproductive health, and ready access to effective and affordable contraception for teens who are sexually active.
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MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. · Mar 2011
Case ReportsNotes from the field: Contamination of alcohol prep pads with Bacillus cereus group and Bacillus species--Colorado, 2010.
In October 2010, a child at The Children's Hospital (TCH) in Aurora, Colorado, with newly diagnosed leukemia developed clinical sepsis 24 hours after insertion of an implanted vascular access device. The child also developed extensive cellulitis at the insertion site, requiring surgical debridement, intensive care, antibiotics, prolonged wound management, and outpatient treatment. Cultures of the child's blood and tissue specimens grew Bacillus cereus. An investigation found neither breach of infection control procedures nor any violations of sterile surgical technique.
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MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. · Mar 2011
Vital signs: central line-associated blood stream infections--United States, 2001, 2008, and 2009.
Health-care-associated infections (HAIs) affect 5% of patients hospitalized in the United States each year. Central line-associated blood stream infections (CLABSIs) are important and deadly HAIs, with reported mortality of 12%-25%. This report provides national estimates of the number of CLABSIs among patients in intensive-care units (ICUs), inpatient wards, and outpatient hemodialysis facilities in 2008 and 2009 and compares ICU estimates with 2001 data. ⋯ Major reductions have occurred in the burden of CLABSIs in ICUs. State and federal efforts coordinated and supported by CDC, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, and the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and implemented by numerous health-care providers likely have helped drive these reductions. The substantial number of infections occurring in non-ICU settings, especially in outpatient hemodialysis centers, and the smaller decreases in non-S. aureus CLABSIs reveal important areas for expanded prevention efforts. Continued success in CLABSI prevention will require increased adherence to current CLABSI prevention recommendations, development and implementation of additional prevention strategies, and the ongoing collection and analysis of data, including specific microbiologic information. To prevent CLABSIs in hemodialysis patients, efforts to reduce central line use for hemodialysis and improve the maintenance of central lines should be expanded. The model of federal, state, facility, and health-care provider collaboration that has proven so successful in CLABSI prevention should be applied to other HAIs and other health-care-associated conditions.
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MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. · Feb 2011
Use of a registry to improve acute stroke care--seven states, 2005-2009.
Each year, an estimated 795,000 persons in the United States experience a stroke. In all, an estimated 7 million U. S. residents have had a stroke, and the cost of cerebrovascular disease in 2007 was estimated at $41 billion. ⋯ The proportion of patients receiving "defect-free care" (a descriptor that indicates whether patients received all of the quality-of-care measures for which they were eligible) also improved. These results demonstrate the ability of state health departments to collaborate with hospitals to monitor and improve the delivery of high-quality care for acute stroke patients. This role for public health and state health departments in hospital quality improvement for acute stroke care is a viable approach to improving the quality of stroke care in the United States.
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MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. · Jan 2011
Self-reported influenza-like illness during the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic--United States, September 2009 - March 2010.
CDC identified the first case of 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza on April 15, 2009. During the first 3 months of the outbreak, approximately 43,000 cases were reported to CDC. In June 2009, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak an influenza pandemic. ⋯ Among 216,431 adults and 43,511 children (aged <18 years), the average monthly percentage of respondents reporting ILI in the 30 days preceding the interview was 8.1% among adults (range: 5.5% for September interviews to 9.5% for November) and 28.4% among children (range: 20.4% for September interviews to 35.9% for November). Health care was sought by 40% of adults and 56% of children with self-reported ILI. The results indicate that reported symptoms of ILI were widespread during the 2009--10 influenza season, with a substantial percentage of those reporting ILI seeking health care.