MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report
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MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. · Aug 2010
Changes in measurement of Haemophilus influenzae serotype b (Hib) vaccination coverage --- National Immunization Survey, United States, 2009.
The National Immunization Survey (NIS) has introduced a new method for measuring Haemophilus influenzae serotype b (Hib) vaccination coverage. Since its inception in 1994, NIS has considered a child aged 19-35 months to be fully vaccinated with Hib vaccine if the child had received 3 or more doses of any Hib-containing vaccine (3+Hib), regardless of vaccine product type received. However, for some Hib vaccine product types, 4 doses are needed to be fully vaccinated. ⋯ The findings, which were influenced by a nationwide shortage of certain Hib vaccine types, indicated that 92.9% of children aged 19-35 months in the United States had received the primary Hib series according to interim recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), and 56.9% were fully vaccinated. Using the previous method, 82.9% were fully vaccinated (3+Hib). When interpreting Hib vaccination coverage estimates and analyzing trends with NIS Hib vaccination coverage data in the future, analysts and state immunization programs should be aware of this change in Hib measurement.
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MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. · Aug 2010
Heat illness among high school athletes --- United States, 2005-2009.
Heat illness during practice or competition is a leading cause of death and disability among U. S. high school athletes. An estimated 7.5 million students participate in high school sports annually. ⋯ Consistent with guidelines from the National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA), to reduce the risk for heat illness, high school athletic programs should implement heat-acclimatization guidelines (e.g., set limits on summer practice duration and intensity). All athletes, coaches, athletic trainers, and parents/guardians should be aware of the risk factors for heat illness, follow recommended strategies, and be prepared to respond quickly to symptoms of illness. Coaches also should continue to stress to their athletes the importance of maintaining proper hydration before, during, and after sports activities.
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MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. · Aug 2010
Practice GuidelineUpdate: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) regarding use of CSL seasonal influenza vaccine (Afluria) in the United States during 2010-11.
During the 2010 influenza season in Australia, administration of a 2010 Southern Hemisphere seasonal influenza trivalent inactivated vaccine (TIV) (Fluvax Junior and Fluvax) manufactured by CSL Biotherapies was associated with increased frequency of fever and febrile seizures in children aged 6 months through 4 years. Postmarketing surveillance indicated increased reports of fever in children aged 5-8 years after vaccination with Fluvax compared to previous seasons. An antigenically equivalent 2010-11 Northern Hemisphere seasonal influenza TIV (Afluria) manufactured by CSL Biotherapies is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for persons aged >or=6 months in the United States. ⋯ On August 5, 2010, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended that the 2010-11 Afluria vaccine not be administered to children aged 6 months through 8 years. Other age-appropriate, licensed seasonal influenza vaccine formulations should be used for prevention of influenza in these children. If no other age-appropriate, licensed inactivated seasonal influenza vaccine is available for a child aged 5-8 years who has a medical condition that increases their risk for influenza complications, Afluria can be used; however, providers should discuss with the parents or caregivers the benefits and risks of Afluria use before administering this vaccine to children aged 5-8 years.
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MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. · Aug 2010
Any tobacco use in 13 States --- behavioral risk factor surveillance system, 2008.
Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States, and cigarette smoking, the predominant form of tobacco use in the United States, causes 443,000 deaths annually. In 2008, 20.6% of U. S. adults were current smokers; however, other tobacco products (e.g., smokeless tobacco, cigars, bidis, and kreteks) also were used by some adults and youths. ⋯ Polytobacco use was more prevalent among men (4.4%), persons aged 18--24 years (5.7%), persons who were single (4.8%), persons with household incomes less than $35,000 (9.8%), and persons with less than a high school education (3.6%) or with a high school diploma or General Education Development (GED) certificate or diploma (3.6%). Because no form of tobacco is safe to use, prevention and cessation intervention programs need to address all forms of tobacco use to lower tobacco-related morbidity and mortality in the United States. Additionally, counter-marketing messages for tobacco products can be tailored for specific populations, such as young adults and males.
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MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. · Jul 2010
Proportion of workers who were work-injured and payment by workers' compensation systems - 10 states, 2007.
Work-related injuries are a major cause of morbidity in the United States, with approximately 4 million employer-reported nonfatal injuries and illnesses in 2007. Currently, few population-based state-level estimates of nonfatal occupational injury rates exist. In the few extant studies, self-reported, nonfatal occupational injury rates exceed estimates based on employer reports or state workers' compensation systems. ⋯ This study shows the feasibility of complementing existing occupational injury surveillance through the use of population-based surveys. States that wish to enhance existing occupational injury surveillance should consider similar studies. Additional research is needed to understand the reasons for nonpayment of worker-reported occupational injuries by workers' compensation insurance programs.