MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report
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Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious public health problem in the United States and a common cause of injury. Prevalence rates of IPV vary by the surveillance methods and definitions used. National data from the 1995 National Violence Against Women Survey indicate that 22.1% of women and 7.4% of men experience IPV during their lifetimes and that 1.3% of women and 0.9% of men experience IPV annually. ⋯ In addition, results of the OWHS for 2001-2003 indicated that 5.9% of surveyed Oklahoma women aged 18-44 years sustained an IPV injury during the preceding year. Overall, IPV resulted in a substantial number of injuries, particularly to women, many of whom required treatment in EDs. Medical recognition and documentation of IPV are important for identification of persons in need of services.
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MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. · Sep 2005
Direct and indirect effects of routine vaccination of children with 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease--United States, 1998-2003.
Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is a leading cause of pneumonia and meningitis in the United States and disproportionately affects young children and the elderly. In 2000, a 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was licensed in the United States for routine use in children aged <5 years. ⋯ The results of this analysis indicated that 1) routine vaccination of young children with PCV7 continued to result in statistically significant declines in incidence of IPD through 2003 in the age group targeted for vaccination and among older children and adults, 2) the vaccine prevented more than twice as many IPD cases in 2003 through indirect effects on pneumococcal transmission (i.e., herd immunity) than through its direct effect of protecting vaccinated children, and 3) increases in disease caused by pneumococcal serotypes not included in the vaccine (i.e., replacement disease) occurred in certain populations but were small compared with overall declines in vaccine-serotype disease. Ongoing surveillance is needed to assess whether reductions in vaccine-serotype IPD are sustained and whether replacement disease will erode the substantial benefits of routine vaccination.
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MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. · Sep 2005
Update: influenza vaccine supply and recommendations for prioritization during the 2005-06 influenza season.
Influenza vaccine distribution delays or vaccine supply shortages have occurred in the United States in three of the last five influenza seasons. In response, prioritization has been implemented in previous years to ensure that enough vaccine is available for those at the highest risk for complications from influenza. The information in this report updates projections of influenza vaccine supply and previous recommendations for priority use of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) during the 2005-06 influenza season.
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MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. · Jul 2005
Carbon monoxide poisoning from hurricane-associated use of portable generators--Florida, 2004.
The four major hurricanes that struck Florida during August 13-September 25, 2004, produced electric power outages in several million homes. After the hurricanes, the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) investigated six deaths in Florida attributed to carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning (CPSC, unpublished data, 2004). ⋯ This report describes the results of that analysis, which determined that misplacement of portable, gasoline-powered generators (e.g., indoors, in garages, or outdoors near windows) was responsible for nearly all of these CO exposures. Public health practitioners should recognize that post-hurricane environments present challenges to the safe operation of portable generators and should educate the public on the hazards of CO poisoning in these settings.
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MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. · Jul 2005
Annual smoking-attributable mortality, years of potential life lost, and productivity losses--United States, 1997-2001.
Smoking harms nearly every organ of the body, causing many diseases and reducing quality of life and life expectancy. This report assesses the health consequences and productivity losses attributable to smoking in the United States during 1997-2001. ⋯ The findings indicated that, during 1997-2001, cigarette smoking and exposure to tobacco smoke resulted in approximately 438,000 premature deaths in the United States, 5.5 million YPLL, and 92 billion dollars in productivity losses annually. Implementation of comprehensive tobacco-control programs as recommended by CDC can reduce smoking prevalence and related mortality and health-care costs.