MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report
-
MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. · Oct 1992
Surveillance for occupationally acquired HIV infection--United States, 1981-1992.
Public health surveillance for and risk-assessment studies of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection provide a basis for formulating measures to minimize the risk for occupational transmission of HIV to health-care workers (1-6). Data on occupational transmission of HIV have been provided by two CDC-supported national surveillance systems: one initiated in 1981 for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) cases and one initiated in 1991 for HIV infections acquired through occupational exposures (Table 1). This report summarizes data on occupationally acquired HIV infection from these surveillance systems through September 1992.
-
MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. · Jul 1992
Public-sector vaccination efforts in response to the resurgence of measles among preschool-aged children--United States, 1989-1991.
From 1989 through 1991, in the United States, the incidence of reported measles increased sixfold to ninefold over the median annual incidence (1.3 per 100,000 population) reported from 1981 through 1988. In 1990, the peak of the resurgence, the incidence of measles among children aged less than 5 years was 15-fold higher than the median 1981-1988 incidence (4.8 per 100,000) (1). ⋯ The measles epidemic is a consequence primarily of the failure to vaccinate preschool-aged children at appropriate ages (2); among children aged 16-59 months who developed measles during this resurgence, only 15% had received measles vaccine as recommended (CDC, unpublished data). This report compares the number of public clinic vaccinations* (i.e., all measles-containing vaccines [MCV], diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine [DTP], and oral polio vaccine [OPV]) for 1988 with that for 1989-1991 in response to the measles resurgence.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
-
MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. · Jun 1992
Case ReportsUnintentional firearm-related fatalities among children and teenagers--United States, 1982-1988.
In 1988, gunshot wounds were the eighth leading cause of unintentional injury deaths among persons in all age groups in the United States and the third leading cause of such deaths among children and teenagers aged 10-19 years (1). From 1982 through 1988, 3607 children and teenagers aged 0-19 years died from unintentional firearm-related injuries, constituting 32% of all unintentional firearm-related deaths. Of those, 81% occurred among 10-19-year-olds. This article describes a case report of an unintentional firearm-related death of a teenager and summarizes an analysis of demographic and regional differences in unintentional firearm-related mortality among children and teenagers from 1982 through 1988.
-
MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. · Jun 1992
Role of alcohol in forensic deaths--Westchester County, New York, 1989.
In the United States, 58% of all adults consume alcohol, and death rates for most injuries and some diseases increase directly in relation to levels of consumption (1-3). Forensic deaths (i.e., deaths certified under the medical examiner system) include a substantial proportion of cases for which alcohol use may have contributed to the death; in many cases, this system provides detailed medical information on causes of death because of autopsies and blood alcohol level testing. To further characterize alcohol-related deaths in Westchester County (4,5), the New York Medical College (NYMC) and the Westchester County Department of Laboratories and Research (WCDLR) estimated the total alcohol-related mortality (ARM) and years of potential life lost before age 65 (YPLL) for all deaths certified by the medical examiner for Westchester County, New York, during 1989. This report summarizes the findings and addresses public health applications for estimating ARM employing this method.
-
From 1980 to 1990, safety-belt use among passenger-vehicle drivers in the United States increased from 11% to 49%; in 1990, use of safety belts prevented approximately 4800 deaths and 120,000 serious injuries among front-seat occupants (1). The increased use of safety belts from 1984 through 1990 was associated primarily with the enactment of state laws (Figure 1). ⋯ To increase safety-belt and child passenger restraint use in the United States, in February 1991, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) initiated the "70% by '92" program to increase safety-belt use to 70% by the end of 1992 through emphasis on enforcement efforts combined with public awareness campaigns. This report summarizes an assessment of the impact of the program through 1991.