MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report
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During 1990, an estimated 4,350,000 adults--2.4% of the total U. S. adult population--were under correctional supervision* in the United States, a 75% increase since 1983 (1). From 1983 through 1989, the number of juveniles (aged 10-17 years) in custody increased 25%, from 80,091 to 99,846 (U. ⋯ S. Department of Justice, unpublished data, 1991); these totals include both cases of AIDS reported among persons before their incarceration as well as those reported by prison systems. This report characterizes efforts to prevent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission within correctional systems.
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An essential component of tobacco-control programs is the monitoring of tobacco use over time (1). To determine the prevalence of smoking among adults in the United States during 1990, the National Health Interview Survey-Health Promotion and Disease Prevention (NHIS-HPDP) supplement collected self-reported information about cigarette smoking from a representative sample of the U. S. civilian, noninstitutionalized population. This report presents data from that survey supplement.
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MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. · Mar 1992
Comparison of the cigarette brand preferences of adult and teenaged smokers--United States, 1989, and 10 U.S. communities, 1988 and 1990.
Tobacco use is the single most preventable cause of death in the United States (1). Approximately three fourths of adult regular smokers tried their first cigarette before the age of 18 years (National Institute on Drug Abuse [NIDA], 1988 NIDA Household Survey, unpublished data); about half had become regular smokers before their 18th birthday (2). ⋯ S. communities* participating in the Community Intervention Trial for Smoking Cessation (COMMIT) evaluation (6). This report examines the findings of these surveys on the cigarette brand preferences of adult and teenaged smokers.
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In San Francisco (1990 population: 723,959), an estimated 6000-18,000 persons are homeless. To characterize the causes of death among homeless persons in San Francisco during 1985-1990, the Health Care for the Homeless Program, San Francisco Department of Public Health, reviewed records of homeless decedents from the city medical examiner's (ME's) office. This report summarizes the results of that study.
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MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. · Dec 1991
Annual and New Year's Day alcohol-related traffic fatalities--United States, 1982-1990.
Traffic crashes are the leading cause of death in the United States for all age groups from 1 through 34 years (1), and almost half of these fatalities are alcohol-related (2,3); an estimated 40% of all persons may be involved in an alcohol-related traffic crash sometime during their lives (3). During holiday periods, the incidence of traffic fatalities and of alcohol-related traffic fatalities (ARTFs) tends to be higher than during nonholiday periods (4,5). This report summarizes data from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's (NHTSA) Fatal Accident Reporting System on trends in ARTFs in the United States from 1982 through 1990 both annually and for January 1 of each year. In addition, a quarterly table (pages 838-9 of this issue) presents data on alcohol involvement in fatal motor-vehicle crashes in the United States for October-December 1990.