MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report
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MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. · Nov 1991
Screening for hepatitis B virus infection among refugees arriving in the United States, 1979-1991.
Because hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is highly endemic in several areas of the world, both the prevalence of and risk for HBV infection are substantially greater among persons emigrating from these areas to the United States than for the overall U. S. population. In 1985, federal funds were made available to supplement ongoing state and local health department refugee-screening programs and to promote serologic screening for HBV infection in pregnant Indochinese women and household contacts of these female HBV carriers among persons identified by the Department of State as refugees entering the United States. This report summarizes data collected during 1979-1991 by selected screening programs that implemented universal hepatitis B (HB) screening at different times.
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In 1964, the first Surgeon General's report on smoking focused on the health hazards associated with cigarette smoking. From 1965 through 1987, the overall prevalence of cigarette smoking among adults in the United States declined by approximately 0.5 percentage points per year. To determine the prevalence of smoking among adults in the United States in 1988, the Occupational Health Supplement (OHS) of CDC's National Health Interview Survey collected information on cigarette smoking from a representative sample of the U. S. civilian, noninstitutionalized population aged greater than or equal to 18 years.
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Pedestrian fatalities constitute approximately one seventh of all traffic-related deaths in the United States (1). In addition to the disproportionate numbers of pedestrian fatalities that occur among children and the elderly, minority populations are at increased risk for pedestrian deaths (2-4). ⋯ Injury fatality rates for these groups are substantially higher than national rates, especially for the state's American Indians (4,5). This report summarizes an analysis by the University of New Mexico School of Medicine of pedestrian fatalities among New Mexico's American Indians, Hispanics, and non-Hispanic whites.