Ophthalmology
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Localization of local anesthetic solution by magnetic resonance imaging.
The aim of this study was to examine the distribution of local anesthetic solution by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after combined peribulbar and retrobulbar, superomedial retrobulbar, and sub-Tenon's injection in relation to clinical akinesia. ⋯ Reliable anesthesia is achieved using a combined peribulbar and retrobulbar block and a relatively great volume of local anesthetic solution, which spreads throughout the orbit, as evidenced by MRI. After superomedial retrobulbar and sub-Tenon's injection, the local anesthetic solution accumulates behind the globe. Sub-Tenon's injection gives good analgesia and slight akinesia with a very small volume. Superomedial retrobulbar injection and combined peribulbar and retrobulbar block provide a similar degree of exophthalmos, which seems to be the result of the volume injected behind the globe.
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Case Reports Comparative Study
Demographic-related variations in posterior segment ocular sarcoidosis.
To compare the frequency of posterior segment involvement (PSI), the prevalence of specific posterior segment signs, and visual acuity in ocular sarcoidosis by patient race, sex, and age. ⋯ We have identified variations based on patient race, sex, and age in PSI, specific posterior segment signs, and visual acuity in cases of ocular sarcoidosis.
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Comparative Study
What is lost by digitizing stereoscopic fundus color slides for macular grading in age-related maculopathy and degeneration?
To compare 35-mm stereoscopic slide transparencies with digitized nonstereoscopic images (resolution 1024x768 pixels) for grading abnormalities in age-related maculopathy (ARM) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). ⋯ Because of the close agreement for most categories between the grading of stereoscopic color slides and digitized images, digitized nonstereoscopic color images prove to be useful for grading ARM and AMD.
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Few population-based data on the prevalence and causes of visual impairment are available from East Asia. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and causes of visual impairment in an elderly Chinese population in Taiwan. ⋯ The rate of blindness and low vision is close to that reported for other developed countries. The high frequency of myopic macular degeneration as a major cause of visual loss, however, is not observed in European-derived populations. Specific prevention or low-vision rehabilitation programs should be developed for the elderly Chinese population.