The American journal of medicine
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Alogliptin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Receiving Metformin and Sulfonylurea Therapies in the EXAMINE Trial.
We evaluated the antihyperglycemic efficacy and safety of adding the dipeptidyl dipeptidase-4 inhibitor alogliptin to metformin and sulphonylurea in the treatment of type 2 diabetes in the Examination of Cardiovascular Outcomes with Alogliptin versus Standard of Care Trial. ⋯ Addition of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor alogliptin to dual therapy with metformin plus sulfonylurea significantly reduced HbA1c and was well tolerated. Lower mortality rates were seen in patients treated with alogliptin in this subgroup.
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After the introduction of the universal definition of myocardial infarction, the incidence and diagnosis of type 2 myocardial infarction have risen dramatically, yet there are no clear guidelines on clinical management. Diabetic patients are at high risk for developing type 2 myocardial infarction when admitted in a decompensated state, and they are also at high risk for future cardiovascular events. ⋯ Acutely decompensated diabetic patients with type 2 myocardial infarction are at increased risk for death and MACE. These patients may also be at risk for undiagnosed coronary artery disease.
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Liver disease is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Geographic variations in the burden of chronic liver disease may have significant impact on public health policies but have not been explored at the national level. The objective of this study is to examine interstate variability in liver disease mortality in the United States. ⋯ We found significant interstate variability in liver disease mortality, ranging from 6.4 to 17.0 per 100,000. The South and the West carry some of the highest rates of liver disease mortality. In addition to viral hepatitis death rates, there is a strong correlation between higher percentage of Hispanic population and a state's liver disease mortality rate (r = 0.538, P < .001). Lower household income (r = 0.405, P = .003) was also associated with the higher liver disease mortality. While there was a trend between higher obesity rates and higher liver disease mortality, the correlation was not strong and there was no clear association between alcohol consumption and liver disease mortality rates.
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Meta Analysis
Preventing Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation After Noncardiac Surgery: A Meta-analysis.
Although postoperative atrial fibrillation is common after noncardiac surgery, there is a paucity of data regarding prophylaxis. We sought to determine whether pharmacologic prophylaxis reduces the incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation after noncardiac surgery. ⋯ Pharmacologic prophylaxis with amiodarone, beta-blockers, or statins reduces the incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation after noncardiac surgery. Amiodarone and statins have a relatively low overall risk of short-term adverse events.