The American journal of medicine
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Observational Study
Predicting the outcomes of inpatient cardiac evaluation for syncope using validated risk scores.
Validated syncope risk scores were aimed to predict a cardiac etiology and are mainly used in the decision of hospital admission. Whether these scores could also predict the outcomes of inpatient cardiac evaluation is unknown and was the subject of our study. ⋯ Current syncope risk scores provide limited prediction ability for the outcomes of inpatient cardiac syncope work-up. One should specifically consider age > 75 years and either cardiac murmur or irregular heart rate on examination very significant in implying a cardiac etiology for syncope. Although these factors may be obvious, current risk scores can be interpreted in such a fashion that ignores the importance of findings extracted from a good history and physical examination.
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Altered immune response and cognitive difficulties have been demonstrated in studies of post-COVID syndrome, including differences in immune status and cognitive functioning in the months following infection. This review aimed to examine immune status and cognitive differences in post-COVID Syndrome twelve or more weeks after COVID-19 infection. A further aim of this review was to explore a link between immune response and the cognitive deficits observed in this group. ⋯ This review highlights the frequency of cognitive difficulties months after COVID-19 infection and explores heighted immune response as a predictor of this change. Six studies suggest that immune status is a predictor of cognitive function, examining a marker of immune function and objective cognitive performance at 12 or more weeks following infection. Future studies of cognitive function in Post COVID Syndrome are needed to explore this relationship, and underlying mechanisms leading to changes in cognitive performance.
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Letter Case Reports
Pretibial myxedema as the presenting manifestation of Graves' Disease.