The American journal of medicine
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Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have been shown to reduce the risk of hospitalizations from heart failure and cardiovascular mortality. However, SGLT2i therapy's potential effects on the risks of dementia and Parkinson's disease are not well established, with conflicting results based on observational studies. Hence, we sought to evaluate the association between SGLT2i and the risk of dementia and Parkinson's disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, heart failure, or chronic kidney disease. ⋯ Our study suggests that there is no significant association between SGLT2i use and the risk of dementia, its subtypes, and Parkinson's disease when compared with the control groups.
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The increasing incidence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has led to a gradual increase in MASLD-related hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC). In this context, we aimed to investigate the association between modifiable factors and the risk of incident HCC in patients with MASLD. ⋯ This comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis showed statistically significant increases in the risk of incident HCC inpatients with MASLD due to smoking, alcohol use, obesity, diabetes, and hypertension, whereas metformin, statin, and aspirin therapy might modify disease progression.
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In the Western world, sales of alcoholic beverages are skyrocketing. Alcohol (ethanol) is consumed for its transient euphoric effects but is a risk factor for the development of heart disease. Here, we review the possible association between alcohol consumption and atrial fibrillation. ⋯ These include studies of individuals drinking only moderate amounts of alcoholic beverages (aka the "French paradox") on the one hand, and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation after binge drinking ("holiday heart syndrome") on the other hand. The evidence available in the literature suggests that hypertension, structured heart disease of any form, neurohumoral stress, and cardiometabolic disorders all favor the development of atrial fibrillation triggered by alcohol. We also suggest that alcohol should be classified as a modifiable risk factor for atrial fibrillation, and also for heart disease in general.