Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine
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To describe the mechanisms and systems of knowledge acquisition, creation, diffusion, application and improvement of knowledge in two layers of the health system: health policy formulation and the provision of clinical services. ⋯ As systematic reviews are rarely utilised as a source of evidence in policy development and few mechanisms exist to assess the performance of the policies, there are significant opportunities for improving policy development.
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To assess the state of national health research systems of countries in the World Health Organization (WHO) African Region. ⋯ National health research systems were weak in the countries assessed. Significantly more resources should be allocated to strengthening these systems.