Neurosurgery
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Hypothermia has been demonstrated to protect the brain from ischemic or traumatic injury. Previous efforts to induce cerebral hypothermia have relied on techniques requiring total body cooling that have resulted in serious cardiovascular derangements. A technique to selectively cool the brain, without systemic hypothermia, may have applications for the treatment of neurological disease. ⋯ Bilateral cerebral deep or moderate hypothermia can be induced by selective perfusion of a single internal carotid artery, with minimal systemic cooling and without cardiovascular instability. This global brain hypothermia results from profoundly altered collateral cerebral circulation during artificial hypothermic perfusion. This technique may have clinical applications for neurosurgery, stroke, or traumatic brain injury.
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The meningeal structure of the cavernous sinus (lateral sellar compartment) was anatomically and histologically studied. We discuss the clinical and surgical significance and present clinical examples of cranial base tumors. ⋯ A surgical technique based on the meningeal anatomy is important for cavernous sinus surgery. The cavernous apex and Meckel's cave, which are spaces of convergence of cranial nerves, however, are weak points for surgical dissection. The presence or absence of tumor invasion into those areas may influence the microsurgical results.
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A critical review of the literature on the incidence, presentation, diagnosis, and prognosis of perimesencephalic nonaneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. ⋯ The importance of early computed tomography (< 3 d), anatomy of the perimesencephalic and neighboring cisterns, and adequate four-vessel angiography are discussed. Treatment strategies, including the avoidance of repeated angiographic studies and surgical exploration, are presented.
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We clarify the factors affecting postoperative outcomes in patients who have suffered spontaneous spinal epidural hematomas. ⋯ The critical factors for recovery after spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma are the level of preoperative neurological deficit and the operative interval. The vertebral level of the hematoma did not correlate with postoperative results, which suggests that local compression, rather than vascular obstruction, is the main factor in producing neurological deficit.
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Comparative Study
Functional magnetic resonance imaging mapping of the motor cortex in patients with cerebral tumors.
The purpose of this study was to determine the usefulness of functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) to map cerebral functions in patients with frontal or parietal tumors. ⋯ FMRI of tactile, motor, and language tasks is feasible in patients with cerebral tumors. FMRI shows promise as a means of determining the risk of a postoperative motor deficit from surgical resection of frontal or parietal tumors.