Neurosurgery
-
Historical Article
History of spine biomechanics: part II--from the Renaissance to the 20th century.
Spine biomechanics provide the foundation for the disciplines of spine medicine and spine surgery. Although modern spine biomechanics emerged during the second half of the last century, it has many ancient, medieval, and post-Renaissance roots. In Part I of this series, the ancient and medieval roots of spine biomechanics were reviewed. ⋯ Subsequently, war-related studies performed in the 20th century contributed to the formation of modern biomechanics. The first biomechanics-related organizations and scientific publications did not emerge until the second half of the 20th century. These events provided the final bricks in the foundation that facilitated the emergence of modern spine biomechanics research.
-
Historical Article
History of spine biomechanics: part I--the pre-Greco-Roman, Greco-Roman, and medieval roots of spine biomechanics.
The roots of spine biomechanics reside in the Antiquity and the Medieval and Renaissance periods. A review of historical treatises reveals detailed information regarding this often historically neglected discipline. ⋯ These documents heavily influenced the portion of the scientific literature that we now regard as "spine biomechanics" up through the Renaissance. The focus of Part I of this two-part series is placed on the ancient and medieval biomechanics-related literature and on associated literature that influenced the development of the field of modern spine biomechanics.
-
To evaluate the accuracy of a novel bone-mounted miniature robotic system for percutaneous placement of pedicle and translaminar facet screws. ⋯ These results verify the system's accuracy and support its use for minimally invasive spine surgery in selected patients.
-
Comparative Study
The in vivo antitumoral effects of lipopolysaccharide against glioblastoma multiforme are mediated in part by Toll-like receptor 4.
Toll-like receptor 4 (Tlr-4) mediates many biological effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which has antitumoral effects on glioblastoma both in vivo and in vitro. However, the precise role of Tlr-4 in these antitumoral effects remains unknown. ⋯ LPS-induced antitumoral effects on glioblastoma multiforme are mediated, in part, by the Tlr-4 receptor. Further understanding of this process may lead to novel treatment strategies for this uniformly fatal disease.
-
The majority of intracranial aneurysms can be treated by either endovascular coiling or microsurgical clipping. A small group of aneurysms may require vascular bypass or reconstruction for their management. A variety of vascular reconstruction techniques are available, including direct suture, patch grafting, local reimplantations, side to side anastomosis, and bypass grafts. ⋯ In this article, the indications and techniques of high-flow bypasses and concurrent aneurysm management are discussed. Troubleshooting of these bypasses is also illustrated. Seven intraoperative videos have been provided to demonstrate the various techniques of radial artery graft harvesting, cervical exposure of carotid vessels, bypasses, and concurrent aneurysm management.