Neurosurgery
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Neuromodulation is used to restore neural function in disorders that stem from an imbalance in the activity of specific neural networks when they prove refractory to pharmacological therapy. The Kir2.1 gene contributes to stabilizing the resting potential below the threshold of activation of voltage-gated sodium channels and action potentials. Therefore, the delivery of the Kir2.1 gene to neuronal cells could reduce the probability of action potential generation, inhibiting excessive neural activity. ⋯ Delivery of the gene for Kir2.1 inhibits neurons by resisting depolarization to the action potential threshold. Regulated neuronal expression of Kir2.1 may provide an elegant means for neuromodulation in a selected neuronal population.
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Endoscopic skull base surgery is now the preferred treatment option to remove skull base tumors. ⋯ EEA but not TTEA has a short-term (3 months) negative impact on patient's olfaction and mucociliary clearance. Patients should be informed about smell loss as a consequence of skull base surgery to prevent legal claims. Likewise, further research and some modifications on reconstruction flaps are encouraged to avoid damaging the olfactory neuroepithelium.