Neurosurgery
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Nutritional support and neurotrauma: a critical review of early nutrition in forty-five acute head injury patients.
Forty-five acute head trauma patients were randomized into a neurotrauma nutritional study to compare the efficacy of two forms of standard nutritional supplementation; namely total parenteral nutrition (TPN) versus enteral nutrition (NG). Forty patients were male, 5 were female, with a median age of 28 years. ⋯ TPN patients had significantly higher mean daily nitrogen intakes (P less than 0.01) and mean daily nitrogen losses (P less than 0.001) than the NG fed patients; however, no significant differences were discovered with respect to maintenance of serum albumin levels, weight loss, the incidence of infection, nitrogen balance, and final outcome. The exaggerated nitrogen excretion experienced by patients fed large nitrogen loads illustrates a problem in achieving nitrogen equilibrium in acute head injured patients.
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Most reports regarding synovial cysts of the spinal canal have been presentations identifying an unusual pathological entity that is to be included in the differential diagnosis of cauda equina compression syndromes. Most of the 26 cases reported represent isolated examples of this pathological process. We present five cases of lumbar synovial cysts encountered in our practice in the past 8 years. ⋯ Histological findings of myxoid degeneration, microcystic change, calcification, and hemosiderin deposits suggest that chronic microtrauma with occasional focal hemorrhage may play a major role in the etiology of the cysts. With resection of the cyst, the postoperative course is usually uneventful. Recurrences have not yet been encountered in our patients.
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Six cases of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) in Caucasians have been diagnosed during a 2-year period at Walter Reed Army Medical Center. Five cases were in men and one was in a woman. Three cases presented as myelopathy and three as radiculopathy. ⋯ All patients improved with operation. OPLL is not a rare condition in Caucasians. With diagnosis and proper surgical intervention, prognosis for improvement is good.
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We report a patient who had pituitary adenoma and parasellar meningioma coincidentally, with neither irradiation nor a history of head injury. Preoperative computed tomographic (CT) scan had shown a large intrasellar mass with ring-like enhancement; in contact with this mass, another well-enhanced mass had been shown. ⋯ We present clinical, radiological, and histopathological findings and discuss previously reported cases of coincidental pituitary adenoma and meningioma without irradiation. This is the first case report since the advent of CT that pituitary adenoma and parasellar meningioma in contact with each other could be clearly demonstrated by CT.
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In a series of 200 intracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) treated surgically, 33 malformations were situated very close to the tentorial incisura. All but one of these AVMs were totally removed. ⋯ Three patients had unsatisfactory outcomes. Our experience with this series indicates that deep cerebral AVMs in the region of the tentorial incisura may be safely removed if there is proper selection of operative approach and attention to surgical technique.