Neurosurgery
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Along with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), a ruptured aneurysm may also cause an intracerebral hematoma (ICH), which negatively impacts the functional outcome of SAH. ⋯ ACA, anterior cerebral arteryDHC, decompressive hemicraniectomyEVD, external ventricular drainageICA, internal carotid arteryICH, intracerebral hematomaMCA, middle cerebral arterymRS, modified Rankin scalePC, posterior circulationSAH, subarachnoid hemorrhageSIRS, systemic inflammatory response syndromeTCD, transcranial Doppler sonography.
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Damage to the motor division of the lower cranial nerves that run into the jugular foramen leads to hoarseness, dysphagia, and the risk of aspiration pneumonia; therefore, its functional preservation during surgical procedures is important. Intraoperative mapping and monitoring of the motor rootlets at the cerebellomedullary cistern using endotracheal tube electrodes is a safe and effective procedure to prevent its injury. ⋯ EMG, electromyographic.